Thèse

Many older people without a medical diagnosis struggle in their daily lives and worry about their memory, perhaps due to prevalent stereotypes rather than any real deficit. The key issue in such a population is their capacity to judge whether they really have memory difficulties, which is captured in the scientific study of metacognition. This thesis project aims to 1- highlight how metacognition can be modified by memory interventions, 2- test the benefits of three potentially complementary interventions on memory complaints by assessing their benefits on cognitive functioning, metacognition, quality of life and self-esteem. Three interventions over 8 weeks will be tested on three different groups of individuals with a pre-post assessment to measure the intra-group impact and the differential impact of each intervention between groups. An additional active control group will watch films. Post-test data will be collected immediately after the end of the interventions, 6 months later, and 1 year later. This project will determine the role of metacognition in memory complaints, which is a critical issue for professionals, and propose interventions that have been tested for effectiveness.

Supervisors :
- Christopher MOULIN - christopher.moulinuniv-grenoble-alpes.fr (christopher[dot]moulin[at]univ-grenoble-alpes[dot]fr) -
- Sophie PORTRAT - sophie.portratuniv-grenoble-alpes.fr (sophie[dot]portrat[at]univ-grenoble-alpes[dot]fr)

Keywords : Metacognition,Working memory,Aging,Prevention,Cognitive decline,Cognitive stimulation,

• Read more about Giovanny LAU

Supervisors
Olivier PASCALIS - olivier.pascalisuniv-grenoble-alpes.fr (olivier[dot]pascalis[at]univ-grenoble-alpes[dot]fr)
Mathilde FORT - mathilde.frtgmail.com (mathilde[dot]frt[at]gmail[dot]com)

Keywords: development,music,language,baby,

• Read more about Thesis Althéa FRATACCI

Bullying prevention strategies remain, to this day, barely successful (Evans et al., 2014; Ttofi & Farrington, 2011). As a result, although developing strong programs is vital, addressing the situation of victims is critical in order to avoid harmful effects. Indeed, victim status appears to be highly related with dropping out of school as well as internalizing symptoms (social withdrawal, psychosomatic symptoms, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, suicidal thoughts) (see meta-analyzes; Reijntjes et al., 2010; Zych et al., 2015). It is also strongly linked with externalizing issues (overactivity, poor impulse control, noncompliance, aggression) to a lesser extent (see meta-analyzes; Reijntjes et al., 2011; Zych et al., 2015 ). According to the research presented, the relationship between victimization and internalization and externalization issues appears to be cyclical. However, while we can explain why internalizing and externalizing behaviors might predict victimization (subjected victim / provocative victim), we still don't understand why victims develop internalizing and/or externalizing symptoms. In other words, one must understand the variables (mediating and/or moderating) that account for the association between victimization and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Furthermore, understanding and identifying these factors provides us with concrete goals for psychosocial interventions that would prevent the negative effects of bullying.

Supervisor
- Martine BOUVARD - martine.bouvarduniv-smb.fr (martine[dot]bouvard[at]univ-smb[dot]fr)

Mots-clés de la thèse :Psychological processes,Transdiagnostic psychopathology,Bullying,,

• Read more about Thesis Julia EL KALLASSI

The Proteus effect is a phenomenon by which an individual's behavior and attitudes are influenced by the characteristics of the embodied avatar (Ratan et al., 2019). Assimilation effect to the characteristics of the avatar have been observed in various contexts of incorporation and in different types of avatars (e.g. elderly avatar, black avatar, tall avatar, attractive avatar, Peck et al., 2013; Reinhard et al., 2019; Yoo et al., 2015).
Several theoretical explanations for this phenomenon have been proposed (Ratan et al. 2019). Proteus effect can be explained by modifications in self-perception (Yee & Bailenson, 2007), by a priming effect (Peña et al., 2009) or by the implication of both self-perception and priming effect (Ratan et al., 2019).
The objective of the thesis is to continue the investigation of the Proteus effect on motor and cognitive skills by focusing on the identification of the components of performance most impacted by the Proteus effect. This new data would provide a better understanding of the mechanisms and an integrated explanation of the Proteus effect.
The different theoretical interpretations of the Proteus effect proposed in the literature will be examined by varying and measuring the involvement of the assumed processes and variables (e.g., priming effect due to exposure to stereotype, self-perception).

Supervisors
-  Julien BARRA -  julien.barrauniv-smb.fr (julien[dot]barra[at]univ-smb[dot]fr) -
- Michel GUERRAZ - Michel.Guerrazuniv-smb.fr (Michel[dot]Guerraz[at]univ-smb[dot]fr) -

Keywords : Proteus Effect,Embodiment,Stereotypes,,

• Read more about Thesis : Louise DUPRAZ

A thorough reading of the state of the art reveals several limitations in terms of the intrinsic performance of the algorithms using artificial neural networks. First of all at the algorithmic level, artificial neural networks are very efficient in classification tasks but they suffer from catastrophic forgetting. Consequently, they cannot learn incrementally : learning is only sequential and the famous plasticity/stability dilemma cannot be solved since the plasticity of the system is dominant. It should be noted that so far the methods proposed concern therefore static image type data. However, incremental learning will take on its full meaning when the environment is changing and therefore particularly with dynamic data of the time series type.
During the 3 years of the thesis, the candidate will have to :
- Define the application framework of his/her subject, i.e. the database(s) on which he/she will work. He/she can start with an image database (MNIST, CIFAR or IMAGENET) on which the bio-inspired algorithms of the laboratory operate and allow comparison with other state-of-the-art methods. It will then be necessary to choose a dynamic database of the time series type which will underline all the interest of the methods of incremental learning. Indeed, it is in a changing environment that these algorithms will be most relevant.
- Adapt the algorithms developed in the laboratory to the chosen application framework, making sure to find the right compromises between their application performance and their material frugality. For this, it will be necessary to define the material constraints in connection with the chosen application. Questions may be asked such as:
> How is knowledge distributed in the network? How does it evolve with learning new information?
> What's a good pseudo-example? How to generate these good pseudo-examples to optimize the inference phase?

Keywords :
- Martial MERMILLOD - martial.mermilloduniv-grenoble-alpes.fr (martial[dot]mermillod[at]univ-grenoble-alpes[dot]fr) -
- Marina REYBOZ - marina.reybozcea.fr (marina.reyboz@cea.f)r

Keywords : deep learning,incremental learning,lifelong learning,

• Read more about Thesis Pierre COURSIMAULT

Supervisors
- Céline SOUCHAY - celine.souchayuniv-grenoble-alpes.fr (celine[dot]souchay[at]univ-grenoble-alpes[dot]fr) -
- Aïna CHALABAEV - aina.chalabaevuniv-grenoble-alpes.fr (aina[dot]chalabaev[at]univ-grenoble-alpes[dot]fr) -
- Estelle PALLUEL  - estelle.pallueluniv-grenoble-alpes.fr (estelle[dot]palluel[at]univ-grenoble-alpes[dot]fr) -

Keywords : Metacognition,Judgments,Motricity,

• Read more about Thesis Lise BRUN

Rasmussen's encephalitis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by progressive unilateral hemispheric atrophy. The disease causes drug-resistant partial epilepsy and is accompanied by progressive, disabling neurocognitive disorders. Because of its drug resistance, the only curative treatment is hemispherotomy, a functional disconnection of the affected hemisphere. Given the young age of the surgery, Rasmussen patients should benefit from significant cerebral reorganisation, enabling significant recovery of cognitive functions. This reorganisation occurs unevenly, depending on the specific development trajectories of these functions and the individual cognitive and cerebral reserve, resulting in several cognitive and cerebral plasticity phenotypes. In addition to the cognitive recovery observed in adulthood, different patterns of cerebral reorganisation have also been described. It is therefore of particular interest to understand the strategies recruited by these patients and the neuroplasticity mechanisms involved. Overall, the aim of this research project is to assess the cognitive and cerebral determinants of recovery and reorganisation in adult patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis following hemispherotomy in childhood. A multimodal approach will be used, combining experimental psychology and neuropsychology to assess cognitive interaction for a wide range of cognitive functions (language, executive functions, theory of mind and memory), clinical parameters, and neuroimaging to specifically measure anatomical brain organisation. We hope to improve our understanding of patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis by describing cognitive and cerebral phenotypes in order to propose a dynamic and integrative model of neurocognitive functioning after hemispherotomy in Rasmussen's patients. New avenues of cognitive rehabilitation and pre-habilitation may be considered, to ensure the best possible neurocognitive recovery.

Supervisors
-  Monica BACIU - Monica.Baciuuniv-grenoble-alpes.fr (Monica[dot]Baciu[at]univ-grenoble-alpes[dot]fr) -
- Marcela PERRONE-BERTOLOTTI - marcela.perrone-bertolottiuniv-grenoble-alpes.fr (marcela[dot]perrone-bertolotti[at]univ-grenoble-alpes[dot]fr) -
- Christine BULTEAU-PEYRIE - cbulteaufor.paris.fr (cbulteau[at]for[dot]paris[dot]fr)

Keywords : neuroplasticity,cognition, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, brain, recovery/rehabilitation

• Read more about Thesis Anna BORNE

This PhD project will evaluate the effect of Motor Imagery (MI) on language comprehension. A coupling of language and motor processes has been established and studies proposed that this relation was involved during the semantic access. In this vein, similar brain network was observed during actual action execution and during comprehension of action verbally described. Moreover, studies in the motor cognition field showed that actual action execution and action imagination recruit similar brain regions and also that MI improve behavioural motor performances. Therefore, we hypothesize that by MI-training we could improve language comprehension performances and also prevent for language deficits. Indeed, we suggest that MI-training was an effective way to enhance motor function and subsequently facilitate semantic access during language comprehension. These questions will be evaluated using behavioural and non-invasive neurstimulation protocols.

Supervisors :
Marcela PERRONE-BERTOLOTTI -  marcela.perrone-bertolottiuniv-grenoble-alpes.fr (marcela[dot]perrone-bertolotti[at]univ-grenoble-alpes[dot]fr)
Sylvain HARQUEL - sylvain.harqueluniv-grenoble-alpes.fr (sylvain[dot]harquel[at]univ-grenoble-alpes[dot]fr) -

Keywords : motor imagery,language,TMS,cognition,cognitif training,action verbs,

• Read more about Thesis Mariam BAYRAM